musli

Benchmarks and size comparisons

The following are the results of preliminary benchmarking and should be taken with a big grain of 🧂.

Identifiers which are used in tests:

dec - Decode a type.
enc - Encode a type.
primitives - A small object containing one of each primitive type and a string and a byte array.
primpacked - Tried to achieve the same goal as primitives, but with a packed layout to support certain zerocopy libraries.
medium_enum - A moderately sized enum with every kind of supported variant.
large - A really big and complex struct.
allocated - A sparse struct which contains fairly plain allocated data like strings and vectors.

The following are one section for each kind of benchmark we perform. They range from “Full features” to more specialized ones like zerocopy comparisons.

Full features (Report 📓, Sizes)
Text-based formats (Report 📓, Sizes)
Fewer features (Report 📓, Sizes)
Müsli vs rkyv (Report 📓, Sizes)
Müsli vs zerocopy (Report 📓, Sizes)
Bitcode derive (Report 📓, Sizes)
BSON (Report 📓, Sizes)

Below you’ll also find size comparisons.

Full features

These frameworks provide a fair comparison against Müsli on various areas since they support the same set of features in what types of data they can represent.

More:

`full/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/musli_descriptive`	987.35ns ± 0.74ns	986.10ns — 988.98ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage`	427.30ns ± 0.42ns	426.54ns — 428.18ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	93.11ns ± 0.09ns	92.95ns — 93.29ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_value`¹	395.31ns ± 0.28ns	394.86ns — 395.96ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_wire`	810.74ns ± 0.57ns	809.76ns — 811.98ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/postcard`	256.20ns ± 0.18ns	255.91ns — 256.59ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/serde_bincode`	80.02ns ± 0.08ns	79.87ns — 80.19ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/serde_bitcode`	1.29μs ± 0.97ns	1.29μs — 1.29μs	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/serde_rmp`	327.66ns ± 0.22ns	327.30ns — 328.16ns	Report 📓

`full/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/musli_descriptive`	866.52ns ± 1.03ns	864.93ns — 868.87ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage`	291.75ns ± 0.25ns	291.31ns — 292.30ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	132.40ns ± 0.08ns	132.27ns — 132.58ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_value`¹	1.03μs ± 0.75ns	1.03μs — 1.03μs	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_wire`	764.95ns ± 0.72ns	763.71ns — 766.52ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/postcard`	434.49ns ± 0.27ns	434.06ns — 435.10ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/serde_bincode`	104.56ns ± 0.11ns	104.42ns — 104.80ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/serde_bitcode`	4.15μs ± 4.90ns	4.15μs — 4.17μs	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/serde_rmp`	226.29ns ± 0.20ns	225.93ns — 226.72ns	Report 📓

`full/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	976.04ns ± 0.71ns	974.85ns — 977.60ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage`	488.79ns ± 0.66ns	487.62ns — 490.19ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	488.54ns ± 0.42ns	487.79ns — 489.44ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_value`¹	462.10ns ± 0.34ns	461.60ns — 462.87ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_wire`	829.16ns ± 0.62ns	828.10ns — 830.53ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/postcard`	249.88ns ± 0.16ns	249.63ns — 250.23ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/serde_bincode`	59.13ns ± 0.05ns	59.06ns — 59.23ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/serde_bitcode`	1.55μs ± 1.25ns	1.55μs — 1.56μs	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/serde_rmp`	427.54ns ± 0.32ns	427.00ns — 428.26ns	Report 📓

`full/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	872.05ns ± 0.72ns	870.77ns — 873.57ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage`	231.91ns ± 0.25ns	231.58ns — 232.47ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	232.07ns ± 0.17ns	231.77ns — 232.44ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_value`¹	1.45μs ± 1.24ns	1.45μs — 1.45μs	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_wire`	737.05ns ± 0.77ns	735.59ns — 738.61ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/postcard`	425.08ns ± 0.49ns	424.33ns — 426.20ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/serde_bincode`	124.58ns ± 0.09ns	124.43ns — 124.78ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/serde_bitcode`	4.67μs ± 6.05ns	4.66μs — 4.68μs	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/serde_rmp`	253.75ns ± 0.19ns	253.44ns — 254.15ns	Report 📓

`full/dec/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	2.27μs ± 2.72ns	2.27μs — 2.28μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage`	1.18μs ± 1.06ns	1.18μs — 1.18μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	841.56ns ± 0.53ns	840.65ns — 842.71ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_value`¹	1.02μs ± 0.78ns	1.02μs — 1.02μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.84μs ± 1.72ns	1.83μs — 1.84μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/postcard`	1.19μs ± 0.93ns	1.19μs — 1.20μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/serde_bincode`	865.94ns ± 0.75ns	864.81ns — 867.64ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/serde_bitcode`	9.19μs ± 7.68ns	9.18μs — 9.21μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/serde_rmp`	2.40μs ± 2.60ns	2.39μs — 2.40μs	Report 📓

`full/enc/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	1.59μs ± 1.24ns	1.59μs — 1.59μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage`	666.40ns ± 0.71ns	665.16ns — 667.91ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	500.13ns ± 0.37ns	499.53ns — 500.96ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_value`¹	3.21μs ± 2.95ns	3.21μs — 3.22μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.40μs ± 1.07ns	1.40μs — 1.40μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/postcard`	915.61ns ± 0.94ns	913.87ns — 917.55ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/serde_bincode`	297.82ns ± 0.23ns	297.50ns — 298.35ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/serde_bitcode`	13.53μs ± 10.26ns	13.51μs — 13.55μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/serde_rmp`	753.63ns ± 1.12ns	751.53ns — 755.91ns	Report 📓

`full/dec/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/large/musli_descriptive`	273.87μs ± 257.28ns	273.45μs — 274.45μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage`	88.65μs ± 75.53ns	88.55μs — 88.83μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage_packed`	46.60μs ± 54.82ns	46.51μs — 46.72μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_value`¹	118.19μs ± 354.91ns	117.56μs — 118.95μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_wire`	258.39μs ± 323.17ns	257.94μs — 259.12μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/postcard`	86.72μs ± 120.57ns	86.53μs — 86.99μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/serde_bincode`	59.81μs ± 60.72ns	59.72μs — 59.95μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/serde_bitcode`	98.32μs ± 127.63ns	98.08μs — 98.58μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/serde_rmp`	231.02μs ± 307.99ns	230.55μs — 231.73μs	Report 📓

`full/enc/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/large/musli_descriptive`	187.44μs ± 193.82ns	187.14μs — 187.88μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage`	63.99μs ± 52.61ns	63.89μs — 64.10μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage_packed`	29.66μs ± 19.29ns	29.63μs — 29.70μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_value`¹	709.06μs ± 1.10μs	707.52μs — 711.56μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_wire`	159.80μs ± 145.78ns	159.58μs — 160.14μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/postcard`	112.61μs ± 234.80ns	112.23μs — 113.14μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/serde_bincode`	40.23μs ± 32.08ns	40.18μs — 40.30μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/serde_bitcode`	117.70μs ± 98.32ns	117.54μs — 117.92μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/serde_rmp`	128.16μs ± 153.02ns	127.92μs — 128.51μs	Report 📓

`full/dec/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/allocated/musli_descriptive`	3.48μs ± 3.35ns	3.47μs — 3.48μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage`	3.05μs ± 3.79ns	3.04μs — 3.06μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	2.57μs ± 2.33ns	2.57μs — 2.58μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_value`¹	2.17μs ± 2.14ns	2.17μs — 2.18μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_wire`	3.67μs ± 4.11ns	3.66μs — 3.68μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/postcard`	3.42μs ± 3.74ns	3.41μs — 3.43μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/serde_bincode`	3.18μs ± 4.51ns	3.17μs — 3.19μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/serde_bitcode`	5.72μs ± 5.55ns	5.71μs — 5.73μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/serde_rmp`	4.34μs ± 3.55ns	4.33μs — 4.34μs	Report 📓

`full/enc/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/allocated/musli_descriptive`	823.57ns ± 0.58ns	822.66ns — 824.86ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage`	396.47ns ± 0.41ns	395.83ns — 397.40ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	320.81ns ± 0.27ns	320.36ns — 321.40ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_value`¹	2.38μs ± 2.35ns	2.38μs — 2.39μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_wire`	756.17ns ± 0.62ns	755.01ns — 757.46ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/postcard`	1.21μs ± 1.09ns	1.20μs — 1.21μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/serde_bincode`	315.46ns ± 0.65ns	314.43ns — 316.92ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/serde_bitcode`	8.23μs ± 7.18ns	8.21μs — 8.24μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/serde_rmp`	764.84ns ± 0.58ns	763.86ns — 766.12ns	Report 📓

Text-based formats

These are text-based formats, which support the full feature set of this test suite.

More:

`text/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/musli_json`	3.24μs ± 2.66ns	3.24μs — 3.25μs	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/serde_json`	4.50μs ± 4.03ns	4.49μs — 4.51μs	Report 📓

`text/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/musli_json`	761.75ns ± 0.60ns	760.85ns — 763.12ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/serde_json`	1.30μs ± 1.56ns	1.30μs — 1.31μs	Report 📓

`text/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/musli_json`	3.95μs ± 3.58ns	3.94μs — 3.95μs	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/serde_json`	4.72μs ± 5.13ns	4.71μs — 4.73μs	Report 📓

`text/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/musli_json`	828.99ns ± 0.74ns	827.78ns — 830.62ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/serde_json`	1.39μs ± 1.19ns	1.39μs — 1.39μs	Report 📓

`text/dec/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/medium_enum/musli_json`	8.73μs ± 12.07ns	8.71μs — 8.76μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/serde_json`	8.64μs ± 7.01ns	8.63μs — 8.66μs	Report 📓

`text/enc/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/medium_enum/musli_json`	1.86μs ± 1.70ns	1.85μs — 1.86μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/serde_json`	2.59μs ± 2.25ns	2.58μs — 2.59μs	Report 📓

`text/dec/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/large/musli_json`	1.01ms ± 1.19μs	1.01ms — 1.01ms	Report 📓
`dec/large/serde_json`	758.72μs ± 593.30ns	757.82μs — 760.06μs	Report 📓

`text/enc/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/large/musli_json`	246.15μs ± 188.86ns	245.89μs — 246.59μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/serde_json`	305.17μs ± 389.84ns	304.58μs — 306.06μs	Report 📓

`text/dec/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/allocated/musli_json`	9.27μs ± 10.87ns	9.25μs — 9.29μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/serde_json`	8.71μs ± 8.51ns	8.70μs — 8.73μs	Report 📓

`text/enc/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/allocated/musli_json`	2.28μs ± 1.91ns	2.28μs — 2.29μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/serde_json`	2.53μs ± 2.29ns	2.52μs — 2.53μs	Report 📓

Fewer features

Missing features:

128 - 128-bit integers are not supported.

map - Maps are not supported.

This is a suite where support for 128-bit integers and maps are disabled. Usually because the underlying framework lacks support for them.

More:

`fewer/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/musli_descriptive`	778.81ns ± 0.67ns	777.64ns — 780.25ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage`	374.55ns ± 0.56ns	373.66ns — 375.83ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	88.33ns ± 0.07ns	88.19ns — 88.47ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_value`¹	347.65ns ± 0.57ns	346.54ns — 348.78ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_wire`	671.31ns ± 0.50ns	670.48ns — 672.42ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/serde_cbor`	1.53μs ± 3.86ns	1.53μs — 1.54μs	Report 📓

`fewer/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/musli_descriptive`	547.55ns ± 0.59ns	546.43ns — 548.75ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage`	261.35ns ± 0.29ns	260.93ns — 262.01ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	124.50ns ± 0.10ns	124.33ns — 124.72ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_value`¹	1.02μs ± 0.90ns	1.02μs — 1.02μs	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_wire`	420.67ns ± 0.41ns	419.91ns — 421.52ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/serde_cbor`	415.63ns ± 0.47ns	414.99ns — 416.70ns	Report 📓

`fewer/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	801.35ns ± 0.52ns	800.50ns — 802.51ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage`	399.25ns ± 0.37ns	398.60ns — 400.03ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	399.02ns ± 0.33ns	398.48ns — 399.74ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_value`¹	398.20ns ± 0.29ns	397.71ns — 398.85ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_wire`	721.90ns ± 0.54ns	721.06ns — 723.13ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/serde_cbor`	1.67μs ± 3.22ns	1.66μs — 1.68μs	Report 📓

`fewer/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	549.02ns ± 0.58ns	547.92ns — 550.21ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage`	216.38ns ± 0.15ns	216.14ns — 216.71ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	216.29ns ± 0.15ns	216.05ns — 216.62ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_value`¹	1.22μs ± 0.90ns	1.22μs — 1.22μs	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_wire`	432.28ns ± 0.39ns	431.59ns — 433.10ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/serde_cbor`	484.65ns ± 0.56ns	483.65ns — 485.82ns	Report 📓

`fewer/dec/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	2.00μs ± 2.22ns	2.00μs — 2.01μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage`	1.11μs ± 0.69ns	1.11μs — 1.11μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	852.11ns ± 0.62ns	851.08ns — 853.50ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_value`¹	969.51ns ± 1.11ns	967.62ns — 971.91ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.63μs ± 1.33ns	1.62μs — 1.63μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/serde_cbor`	4.22μs ± 5.06ns	4.21μs — 4.23μs	Report 📓

`fewer/enc/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	1.29μs ± 1.07ns	1.29μs — 1.30μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage`	650.10ns ± 0.88ns	648.84ns — 652.10ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	510.84ns ± 0.51ns	509.92ns — 511.90ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_value`¹	3.21μs ± 2.99ns	3.21μs — 3.22μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.05μs ± 0.89ns	1.05μs — 1.05μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/serde_cbor`	975.60ns ± 1.35ns	973.36ns — 978.58ns	Report 📓

`fewer/dec/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/large/musli_descriptive`	302.12μs ± 150.58ns	301.87μs — 302.45μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage`	97.67μs ± 69.94ns	97.55μs — 97.82μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage_packed`	39.70μs ± 28.08ns	39.65μs — 39.76μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_value`¹	129.57μs ± 377.29ns	128.94μs — 130.41μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_wire`	273.02μs ± 246.72ns	272.58μs — 273.54μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/serde_cbor`	500.50μs ± 813.65ns	499.32μs — 502.37μs	Report 📓

`fewer/enc/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/large/musli_descriptive`	204.66μs ± 181.63ns	204.40μs — 205.08μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage`	76.30μs ± 80.56ns	76.17μs — 76.48μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage_packed`	35.90μs ± 23.43ns	35.87μs — 35.95μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_value`¹	760.74μs ± 699.21ns	759.64μs — 762.32μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_wire`	172.53μs ± 120.83ns	172.33μs — 172.80μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/serde_cbor`	165.38μs ± 124.55ns	165.19μs — 165.66μs	Report 📓

`fewer/dec/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/allocated/musli_descriptive`	2.42μs ± 2.87ns	2.41μs — 2.42μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage`	2.08μs ± 2.86ns	2.07μs — 2.08μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	1.83μs ± 1.62ns	1.82μs — 1.83μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_value`¹	1.49μs ± 1.35ns	1.49μs — 1.50μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_wire`	2.49μs ± 2.84ns	2.48μs — 2.49μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/serde_cbor`	5.05μs ± 4.00ns	5.05μs — 5.06μs	Report 📓

`fewer/enc/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/allocated/musli_descriptive`	622.80ns ± 1.06ns	620.98ns — 625.11ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage`	311.08ns ± 0.23ns	310.71ns — 311.60ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	246.78ns ± 0.18ns	246.47ns — 247.18ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_value`¹	1.95μs ± 2.39ns	1.94μs — 1.95μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_wire`	521.33ns ± 0.40ns	520.60ns — 522.16ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/serde_cbor`	613.58ns ± 0.40ns	612.92ns — 614.46ns	Report 📓

Müsli vs rkyv

Missing features:

cstring - CString’s are not supported.

string-key - Maps with strings as keys like HashMap<String, T> are not supported.

string-set - String sets like HashSet<String> are not supported.

tuple - Tuples like (u32, u32) are not supported.

usize - usize and isize types are not supported.

Comparison between musli-zerocopy and rkyv.

Note that musli-zerocopy only supports the primitives benchmark.

More:

`zerocopy-rkyv/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/musli_zerocopy`	4.39ns ± 0.00ns	4.38ns — 4.39ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/rkyv`	11.09ns ± 0.01ns	11.08ns — 11.13ns	Report 📓

`zerocopy-rkyv/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/musli_zerocopy`	18.67ns ± 0.02ns	18.63ns — 18.71ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/rkyv`	17.99ns ± 0.01ns	17.96ns — 18.02ns	Report 📓

`zerocopy-rkyv/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/musli_zerocopy`	2.63ns ± 0.00ns	2.63ns — 2.64ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/rkyv`	8.77ns ± 0.01ns	8.76ns — 8.78ns	Report 📓

`zerocopy-rkyv/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/musli_zerocopy`	17.23ns ± 0.02ns	17.20ns — 17.27ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/rkyv`	13.37ns ± 0.01ns	13.36ns — 13.39ns	Report 📓

Müsli vs zerocopy

Compares musli-zerocopy with zerocopy.

Note that zerocopy only supports packed primitives, so we’re only comparing with that suite.

More:

`zerocopy-zerocopy/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/musli_zerocopy`	2.63ns ± 0.00ns	2.63ns — 2.64ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/zerocopy`	5.26ns ± 0.00ns	5.26ns — 5.27ns	Report 📓

`zerocopy-zerocopy/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/musli_zerocopy`	18.44ns ± 0.02ns	18.41ns — 18.47ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/zerocopy`	7.94ns ± 0.01ns	7.93ns — 7.95ns	Report 📓

Bitcode derive

Missing features:

cstring - CString’s are not supported.

Uses a custom derive-based framework which does not support everything Müsli and serde does.

More:

`bitcode-derive/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/derive_bitcode`	245.41ns ± 0.26ns	245.00ns — 246.01ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_descriptive`	987.51ns ± 0.73ns	986.43ns — 989.18ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage`	425.46ns ± 0.44ns	424.69ns — 426.41ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	93.95ns ± 0.14ns	93.71ns — 94.26ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_wire`	904.91ns ± 1.31ns	902.86ns — 907.88ns	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/derive_bitcode`	1.28μs ± 0.94ns	1.27μs — 1.28μs	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_descriptive`	863.80ns ± 0.61ns	862.80ns — 865.18ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage`	292.02ns ± 0.30ns	291.53ns — 292.67ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	132.54ns ± 0.12ns	132.34ns — 132.80ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_wire`	765.42ns ± 1.00ns	763.59ns — 767.50ns	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/derive_bitcode`	244.16ns ± 0.17ns	243.90ns — 244.54ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	972.94ns ± 1.12ns	971.37ns — 975.49ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage`	488.69ns ± 0.90ns	487.18ns — 490.66ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	487.37ns ± 0.36ns	486.73ns — 488.14ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_wire`	916.50ns ± 0.72ns	915.35ns — 918.09ns	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/derive_bitcode`	1.32μs ± 1.71ns	1.31μs — 1.32μs	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	873.25ns ± 0.96ns	871.57ns — 875.29ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage`	231.99ns ± 0.18ns	231.70ns — 232.40ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	230.61ns ± 0.16ns	230.35ns — 230.98ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_wire`	736.92ns ± 0.87ns	735.29ns — 738.72ns	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/dec/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/medium_enum/derive_bitcode`	3.27μs ± 2.32ns	3.27μs — 3.28μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	2.44μs ± 1.92ns	2.44μs — 2.45μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage`	1.36μs ± 1.32ns	1.36μs — 1.36μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	1.01μs ± 1.11ns	1.01μs — 1.02μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_wire`	2.07μs ± 1.82ns	2.07μs — 2.08μs	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/enc/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/medium_enum/derive_bitcode`	13.23μs ± 15.20ns	13.21μs — 13.27μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	1.58μs ± 1.24ns	1.57μs — 1.58μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage`	669.16ns ± 0.47ns	668.37ns — 670.21ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	499.98ns ± 0.42ns	499.23ns — 500.86ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.34μs ± 1.36ns	1.34μs — 1.34μs	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/dec/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/large/derive_bitcode`	32.86μs ± 39.23ns	32.79μs — 32.95μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_descriptive`	275.57μs ± 180.35ns	275.27μs — 275.97μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage`	92.76μs ± 64.70ns	92.66μs — 92.91μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage_packed`	50.48μs ± 54.71ns	50.38μs — 50.60μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_wire`	258.42μs ± 344.75ns	257.97μs — 259.19μs	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/enc/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/large/derive_bitcode`	84.21μs ± 151.77ns	83.99μs — 84.55μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_descriptive`	186.96μs ± 166.31ns	186.71μs — 187.34μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage`	63.90μs ± 55.40ns	63.82μs — 64.03μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage_packed`	29.68μs ± 21.35ns	29.64μs — 29.73μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_wire`	159.80μs ± 126.97ns	159.60μs — 160.09μs	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/dec/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/allocated/derive_bitcode`	3.95μs ± 5.32ns	3.94μs — 3.96μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_descriptive`	3.90μs ± 2.44ns	3.90μs — 3.91μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage`	3.27μs ± 3.81ns	3.26μs — 3.28μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	2.98μs ± 1.97ns	2.98μs — 2.99μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_wire`	4.08μs ± 3.36ns	4.07μs — 4.08μs	Report 📓

`bitcode-derive/enc/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/allocated/derive_bitcode`	7.02μs ± 11.28ns	7.00μs — 7.05μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_descriptive`	808.57ns ± 0.52ns	807.71ns — 809.73ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage`	374.40ns ± 0.39ns	373.75ns — 375.26ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	304.21ns ± 0.20ns	303.88ns — 304.65ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_wire`	734.79ns ± 0.71ns	733.57ns — 736.33ns	Report 📓

BSON

Missing features:

128 - 128-bit integers are not supported.

u64 - Format is limited to the bounds of signed 64-bit integers.

empty - Empty variants are not supported.

newtype - Newtype variants are not supported.

number-key - Maps with numerical keys like HashMap<u32, T> are not supported.

Specific comparison to BSON, because the format is limited in capabilities.

More:

`bson/dec/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primitives/bson`²	2.27μs ± 4.40ns	2.26μs — 2.28μs	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_descriptive`	707.83ns ± 0.67ns	706.66ns — 709.28ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage`	378.56ns ± 0.47ns	377.98ns — 379.60ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	82.90ns ± 0.09ns	82.79ns — 83.09ns	Report 📓
`dec/primitives/musli_wire`	643.86ns ± 0.71ns	642.88ns — 645.46ns	Report 📓

`bson/enc/primitives` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primitives/bson`²	1.32μs ± 1.22ns	1.31μs — 1.32μs	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_descriptive`	532.31ns ± 0.38ns	531.65ns — 533.15ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage`	257.45ns ± 0.27ns	257.05ns — 258.07ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_storage_packed`	120.59ns ± 0.08ns	120.46ns — 120.77ns	Report 📓
`enc/primitives/musli_wire`	416.91ns ± 0.47ns	416.14ns — 417.97ns	Report 📓

`bson/dec/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/primpacked/bson`²	3.04μs ± 4.75ns	3.03μs — 3.05μs	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	735.76ns ± 0.55ns	734.82ns — 736.95ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage`	403.59ns ± 0.26ns	403.16ns — 404.17ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	404.12ns ± 0.49ns	403.29ns — 405.17ns	Report 📓
`dec/primpacked/musli_wire`	696.79ns ± 0.61ns	695.97ns — 698.17ns	Report 📓

`bson/enc/primpacked` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/primpacked/bson`²	2.24μs ± 2.03ns	2.24μs — 2.25μs	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_descriptive`	546.46ns ± 0.38ns	545.84ns — 547.32ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage`	213.73ns ± 0.13ns	213.51ns — 214.03ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_storage_packed`	213.82ns ± 0.17ns	213.53ns — 214.20ns	Report 📓
`enc/primpacked/musli_wire`	462.48ns ± 0.51ns	461.50ns — 463.49ns	Report 📓

`bson/dec/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/medium_enum/bson`²	7.32μs ± 10.08ns	7.30μs — 7.34μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	1.56μs ± 2.12ns	1.55μs — 1.56μs	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage`	878.37ns ± 1.33ns	876.30ns — 881.38ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	583.09ns ± 0.36ns	582.53ns — 583.91ns	Report 📓
`dec/medium_enum/musli_wire`	1.32μs ± 1.07ns	1.32μs — 1.32μs	Report 📓

`bson/enc/medium_enum` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/medium_enum/bson`²	4.79μs ± 4.23ns	4.78μs — 4.79μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_descriptive`	1.15μs ± 0.80ns	1.15μs — 1.15μs	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage`	621.99ns ± 0.37ns	621.38ns — 622.81ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_storage_packed`	401.14ns ± 0.26ns	400.71ns — 401.70ns	Report 📓
`enc/medium_enum/musli_wire`	840.45ns ± 0.60ns	839.53ns — 841.82ns	Report 📓

`bson/dec/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/large/bson`²	1.56ms ± 2.30μs	1.56ms — 1.57ms	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_descriptive`	359.97μs ± 227.21ns	359.59μs — 360.47μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage`	148.37μs ± 119.84ns	148.18μs — 148.64μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_storage_packed`	88.68μs ± 69.49ns	88.57μs — 88.84μs	Report 📓
`dec/large/musli_wire`	339.61μs ± 460.64ns	338.93μs — 340.67μs	Report 📓

`bson/enc/large` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/large/bson`²	895.49μs ± 957.18ns	893.98μs — 897.65μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_descriptive`	232.10μs ± 274.39ns	231.71μs — 232.73μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage`	87.55μs ± 73.82ns	87.45μs — 87.72μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_storage_packed`	45.32μs ± 35.26ns	45.26μs — 45.40μs	Report 📓
`enc/large/musli_wire`	188.99μs ± 208.58ns	188.64μs — 189.44μs	Report 📓

`bson/dec/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`dec/allocated/bson`²	8.28μs ± 7.23ns	8.26μs — 8.29μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_descriptive`	3.06μs ± 3.34ns	3.05μs — 3.07μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage`	2.77μs ± 4.56ns	2.76μs — 2.78μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	2.55μs ± 2.53ns	2.54μs — 2.55μs	Report 📓
`dec/allocated/musli_wire`	2.95μs ± 3.64ns	2.94μs — 2.96μs	Report 📓

`bson/enc/allocated` Report 📓

Group	Mean	Interval	Link
`enc/allocated/bson`²	2.29μs ± 1.49ns	2.29μs — 2.29μs	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_descriptive`	539.12ns ± 0.41ns	538.43ns — 540.01ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage`	324.64ns ± 0.33ns	324.16ns — 325.39ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_storage_packed`	259.29ns ± 0.24ns	258.88ns — 259.80ns	Report 📓
`enc/allocated/musli_wire`	433.67ns ± 0.37ns	433.00ns — 434.46ns	Report 📓

Size comparisons

This is not yet an area which has received much focus, but because people are bound to ask the following section performs a raw size comparison between different formats. Each test suite serializes a collection of values, which have all been randomly populated.

A small object containing one of each primitive type and a string and a byte array. (primitives)
Tried to achieve the same goal as primitives, but with a packed layout to support certain zerocopy libraries. (primpacked)
A moderately sized enum with every kind of supported variant. (medium_enum)
A really big and complex struct. (large)
A sparse struct which contains fairly plain allocated data like strings and vectors. (allocated)

Note so far these are all synthetic examples. Real world data is rarely this random. But hopefully it should give an idea of the extreme ranges.

Full features sizes

These frameworks provide a fair comparison against Müsli on various areas since they support the same set of features in what types of data they can represent.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`musli_descriptive`	159.89 ± 1.56	165.80 ± 1.56	49227.10 ± 11024.16	647.93 ± 114.70	53.81 ± 64.94
`musli_storage`	115.00 ± 0.70	117.02 ± 0.73	34773.00 ± 7269.86	604.54 ± 112.02	40.90 ± 49.59
`musli_storage_packed`	98.00 ± 0.70	117.02 ± 0.73	31855.10 ± 6580.66	592.54 ± 112.02	38.77 ± 45.86
`musli_wire`	143.30 ± 1.77	148.43 ± 1.87	45860.00 ± 10213.50	634.69 ± 114.75	49.38 ± 59.50
`postcard`	110.85 ± 1.41	110.81 ± 1.34	34448.30 ± 7216.32	605.86 ± 113.01	39.62 ± 48.10
`serde_bincode`	94.96 ± 0.21	96.00 ± 0.00	32444.10 ± 6612.33	710.89 ± 117.76	42.39 ± 47.27
`serde_bitcode`	104.92 ± 0.38	105.00 ± 0.00	29918.20 ± 6055.10	600.54 ± 112.02	38.76 ± 46.90
`serde_rmp`	113.82 ± 0.73	119.88 ± 1.48	38929.60 ± 8350.45	612.41 ± 113.80	50.97 ± 50.74

Text-based formats sizes

These are text-based formats, which support the full feature set of this test suite.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`musli_json`³	315.41 ± 2.37	335.29 ± 2.99	93162.10 ± 22814.18	832.66 ± 118.61	86.17 ± 115.66
`serde_json`³	435.41 ± 2.37	452.29 ± 2.99	102095.30 ± 24197.18	933.66 ± 118.61	107.17 ± 155.61

Fewer features sizes

Missing features:

128 - 128-bit integers are not supported.

map - Maps are not supported.

This is a suite where support for 128-bit integers and maps are disabled. Usually because the underlying framework lacks support for them.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`musli_descriptive`	116.36 ± 1.46	122.33 ± 1.46	30994.00 ± 9328.95	488.45 ± 97.86	48.29 ± 54.39
`musli_storage`	80.98 ± 0.71	83.05 ± 0.75	20507.20 ± 5971.92	458.59 ± 96.33	36.57 ± 42.32
`musli_storage_packed`	65.98 ± 0.71	83.05 ± 0.75	18267.20 ± 5341.41	448.59 ± 96.33	34.69 ± 39.82
`musli_wire`	101.86 ± 1.75	106.83 ± 1.77	28513.80 ± 8662.56	477.64 ± 98.04	44.07 ± 49.89
`serde_cbor`⁴	212.69 ± 0.53	221.17 ± 0.85	34759.30 ± 9429.15	566.69 ± 97.29	65.78 ± 80.46

Müsli vs rkyv sizes

Missing features:

cstring - CString’s are not supported.

string-key - Maps with strings as keys like HashMap<String, T> are not supported.

string-set - String sets like HashSet<String> are not supported.

tuple - Tuples like (u32, u32) are not supported.

usize - usize and isize types are not supported.

Comparison between musli-zerocopy and rkyv.

Note that musli-zerocopy only supports the primitives benchmark.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`musli_zerocopy`	96.00 ± 0.00	80.00 ± 0.00	-	-	-
`rkyv`³	96.00 ± 0.00	80.00 ± 0.00	11350.40 ± 4086.94	519.48 ± 78.55	148.83 ± 39.77

Müsli vs zerocopy sizes

Compares musli-zerocopy with zerocopy.

Note that zerocopy only supports packed primitives, so we’re only comparing with that suite.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`musli_zerocopy`	112.00 ± 0.00	96.00 ± 0.00	-	-	-
`zerocopy`	-	96.00 ± 0.00	-	-	-

Bitcode derive sizes

Missing features:

cstring - CString’s are not supported.

Uses a custom derive-based framework which does not support everything Müsli and serde does.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`derive_bitcode`	104.92 ± 0.38	106.00 ± 0.00	29916.20 ± 6055.10	593.80 ± 109.31	38.68 ± 46.87
`musli_descriptive`	159.89 ± 1.56	165.80 ± 1.56	49227.10 ± 11024.16	639.17 ± 111.51	53.74 ± 64.92
`musli_storage`	115.00 ± 0.70	117.02 ± 0.73	34773.00 ± 7269.86	596.80 ± 109.31	40.82 ± 49.56
`musli_storage_packed`	98.00 ± 0.70	117.02 ± 0.73	31855.10 ± 6580.66	585.80 ± 109.31	38.70 ± 45.83
`musli_wire`	143.30 ± 1.77	148.43 ± 1.87	45860.00 ± 10213.50	627.14 ± 111.86	49.31 ± 59.47

BSON sizes

Missing features:

128 - 128-bit integers are not supported.

u64 - Format is limited to the bounds of signed 64-bit integers.

empty - Empty variants are not supported.

newtype - Newtype variants are not supported.

number-key - Maps with numerical keys like HashMap<u32, T> are not supported.

Specific comparison to BSON, because the format is limited in capabilities.

framework	`primitives`	`primpacked`	`large`	`allocated`	`medium_enum`
`bson`	240.95 ± 0.22	289.00 ± 0.00	88697.60 ± 27440.34	759.57 ± 104.65	117.73 ± 114.42
`musli_descriptive`	115.35 ± 1.30	121.34 ± 1.28	47190.80 ± 14363.99	591.31 ± 103.15	58.34 ± 59.96
`musli_storage`	80.45 ± 0.53	82.50 ± 0.52	32636.40 ± 9632.82	564.69 ± 101.38	41.91 ± 44.57
`musli_storage_packed`	65.45 ± 0.53	82.50 ± 0.52	29620.40 ± 8685.51	554.69 ± 101.38	38.91 ± 41.10
`musli_wire`	100.85 ± 1.60	105.84 ± 1.57	43705.40 ± 13284.04	580.32 ± 103.13	52.30 ± 54.38

musli-value is a heap-allocated, in-memory format. Deserialization is expected to be as fast as a dynamic in-memory structure can be traversed, but serialization requires a lot of allocations. It is only included for reference. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶ ↩⁷ ↩⁸ ↩⁹ ↩¹⁰ ↩¹¹ ↩¹² ↩¹³ ↩¹⁴ ↩¹⁵ ↩¹⁶ ↩¹⁷ ↩¹⁸ ↩¹⁹ ↩²⁰
BSON does not support serializing directly in-place without patches. As a result it is expected to be much slower. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶ ↩⁷ ↩⁸ ↩⁹ ↩¹⁰
These formats do not support a wide range of Rust types. Exact level of support varies. But from a size perspective it makes size comparisons either unfair or simply an esoteric exercise since they can (or cannot) make stricter assumptions as a result. ↩ ↩² ↩³
Lacks 128-bit support. ↩

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